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This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War by Drew Gilpin Faust
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Drew Gilpin Faust Edition: Hardcover Published: 2008-01-08 ISBN: 037540404X Number of pages: 368 Publisher: Knopf
Book Reviews of This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil WarBook Review: When Lilacs Last in the Door-Yard Bloom'd... Summary: 4 StarsHarvard President Drew Faust's marvelous new book, "This Republic of Suffering," explains how the nation tried to make sense of the Civil War. It was, by all measures, a nearly impossible task that required every social and spiritual tool available -- silent prayer, civic religion, s?ances, philosophy, the visual arts, mortuary science, pulp journalism, public grieving, new forms of group fellowship and even government bureaucracy.
Much of Faust's book is devoted to the nation's spiritual response. In other words, how Christian America applied its 19th century concepts of "the Good Death" and domesticity to the unbelievable carnage of the war, which as first seemed to make a mockery of those very same ideals. We learn, for instance, how publishers printed customized memorial posters of missing solders so that family members (without a corpse or grave to visit) could at least have something tangible to grieve over.
Another example of this massive cultural adaptation was the founding of national cemeteries throughout the South to provide a "proper resting place" for the Union dead. (Confederate bodies were not allowed in, at least in most cases.) As Faust explains, just counting, collecting and reburying the dead took years of struggle -- not to mention the massive psychic toll on the burial teams (usually Black men) and families of the lost.
Every corner of American society was affected by this process of "coming to terms," including the burgeoning field of creative literature. After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Walt Whitman wrote "When Lilacs Last in the Door-Yard Bloom'd" -- one of the most powerful poems of the 19th century. (It's featured prominently in Faust's book.) Whitman grieved not just for the fallen president but also for the 620,000+ soldiers who died far from home. One part of the poem reads:
"Then with the knowledge of death as walking one side of me,
And the thought of death close-walking the other side of me,
And I in the middle, as with companions,
and as holding the hands of companions,
I fled forth to the hiding receiving night, that talks not,
Down to the shores of the water, the path by the swamp in the dimness,
To the solemn shadowy cedars, and ghostly pines so still...
O how shall I warble myself for the dead one there I loved?
And how shall I deck my song for the large sweet soul that has gone?
And what shall my perfume be, for the grave of him I love?"
Today, 143 years later, we are still grieving. As I look out my window across downtown Battle Creek, Michigan, I can see a bronze Civil War memorial statue weeping alone in the cool morning mist of early April.
"Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori"
(Or so we once believed...)
Summary of This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil WarAn illuminating study of the American struggle to comprehend the meaning and practicalities of death in the face of the unprecedented carnage of the Civil War.
During the war, approximately 620,000 soldiers lost their lives. An equivalent proportion of today’s population would be six million. This Republic of Suffering explores the impact of this enormous death toll from every angle: material, political, intellectual, and spiritual. The eminent historian Drew Gilpin Faust delineates the ways death changed not only individual lives but the life of the nation and its understanding of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. She describes how survivors mourned and how a deeply religious culture struggled to reconcile the slaughter with its belief in a benevolent God, pondered who should die and under what circumstances, and reconceived its understanding of life after death.
Faust details the logistical challenges involved when thousands were left dead, many with their identities unknown, on the fields of places like Bull Run, Shiloh, Antietam, and Gettysburg. She chronicles the efforts to identify, reclaim, preserve, and bury battlefield dead, the resulting rise of undertaking as a profession, the first widespread use of embalming, the gradual emergence of military graves registration procedures, the development of a federal system of national cemeteries for Union dead, and the creation of private cemeteries in the South that contributed to the cult of the Lost Cause. She shows, too, how the war victimized civilians through violence that extended beyond battlefields—from disease, displacement, hardships, shortages, emotional wounds, and conflicts connected to the disintegration of slavery.
Throughout, the voices of soldiers and their families, of statesmen, generals, preachers, poets, surgeons, and nurses, of northerners and southerners, slaveholders and freedpeople, of the most exalted and the most humble are brought together to give us a vivid understanding of the Civil War’s most fundamental and widely shared reality.
Were he alive today, This Republic of Suffering would compel Walt Whitman to abandon his certainty that the “real war will never get in the books.”
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