The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (P.S.)

The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (P.S.)
by Jared M. Diamond

The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (P.S.)
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Book Summary Information

Author: Jared M. Diamond
Edition: Paperback
Audio: English (Original Language); English (Unknown); English (Published)
Published: 2006-01-01
ISBN: 0060845503
Number of pages: 432
Publisher: Harper Perennial

Book Reviews of The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (P.S.)

Book Review: Witty, Interesting, But Flawed
Summary: 3 Stars

Jared Diamond is a talented scientist/writer like the late Isaac Asimov. While Asimov dealt with much simpler scientific concepts, Diamond deals with much more complex issues pertaining to the evolution of human behaviour and how that might lead to the decline of the human race.

The first few chapters introduce us to the genetic proximity of apes and man, the evolution of Neanderthals and CroMagnons. A lot of hard science here, but the moment the author says that we could have taught CroMagnos how to fly a jetplane and compares Romans developing nuclear bombs with CroMagnons developing writing and building the Parthenon, the astute reader should have an idea of the daring speculative theories that follow.

The author goes on to test 6 interesting theories that might explain concealed ovulation in the human female. Chapter 4 tries to explain the science of aultery. Next few chapters deal with criteria for sexual selection, then why people grow old and die? Why do we live past reproductive age? Are language and art uniquely human? Is agriculture the key to human civilisation? These are probably the most interesting and cogent chapters in the whole book.

Why do we smoke, drink and use dangerous drugs? That's when I start to disagree and think that the answers may be a lot simpler than what the author is trying to theorise. Chapter 16 made me sit up again. The author writes about genocide in Tasmania, some of the motives involved, but he totally lost me when he tries to explain why some cultures remained in the stone age (hunter/gatherer) and never even progressed to agriculture. There may be an explanation one day, but the author's theory that there were no large mammals in Australia and North America that can be domesticated just doesn't cut it with me.

This is essentially what The Third Chimpanzee is all about, but besides being a pure scientist, Diamond also tries to bring moral and ethical issues into his arguments. This gives his work heart and character, but I can't help noticing that in the concluding chapters, he is trying very hard to twist the science to suit some politically correct ideals.

Summary of The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (P.S.)

The Development of an Extraordinary Species

We human beings share 98 percent of our genes with chimpanzees. Yet humans are the dominant species on the planet -- having founded civilizations and religions, developed intricate and diverse forms of communication, learned science, built cities, and created breathtaking works of art -- while chimps remain animals concerned primarily with the basic necessities of survival. What is it about that two percent difference in DNA that has created such a divergence between evolutionary cousins? In this fascinating, provocative, passionate, funny, endlessly entertaining work, renowned Pulitzer Prize-winning author and scientist Jared Diamond explores how the extraordinary human animal, in a remarkably short time, developed the capacity to rule the world . . . and the means to irrevocably destroy it.


Jared Diamond states the theme of his book up-front: "How the human species changed, within a short time, from just another species of big mammal to a world conqueror; and how we acquired the capacity to reverse all that progress overnight." The Third Chimpanzee is, in many ways, a prequel to Diamond's prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel. While Guns examines "the fates of human societies," this work surveys the longer sweep of human evolution, from our origin as just another chimpanzee a few million years ago. Diamond writes:

It's obvious that humans are unlike all animals. It's also obvious that we're a species of big mammal down to the minutest details of our anatomy and our molecules. That contradiction is the most fascinating feature of the human species.

The chapters in The Third Chimpanzee on the oddities of human reproductive biology were later expanded in Why Is Sex Fun? Here, they're linked to Diamond's views of human psychology and history.

Diamond is officially a physiologist at UCLA medical school, but he's also one of the best birdwatchers in the world. The current scientific consensus that "primitive" humans created ecological catastrophes in the Pacific islands, Australia, and the New World owes a great deal to his fieldwork and insight. In Diamond's view, the current global ecological crisis isn't due to modern technology per se, but to basic weaknesses in human nature. But, he says, "I'm cautiously optimistic. If we will learn from our past that I have traced, our own future may yet prove brighter than that of the other two chimpanzees." --Mary Ellen Curtin

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