The Inflationary Universe
by Alan Guth
List Price:
Our Price: $8.05
You Save: $10.45 (56%)
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
Buy Used: from $3.74 (click here)
Category: Book
See more book details and other editions
Book Summary Information
Author: Alan GuthEdition: Paperback
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 1998-03-18
ISBN: 0201328402
Number of pages: 384
Publisher: Basic Books
Book Reviews of The Inflationary Universe
Book Review: One of best popular cosmology books ever written
Summary: 5 Stars
This is one of the best popular cosmology books ever written. He tells the extremely complex story of inflation and related areas of particle physics in such an absorbing style that it reads like a detective novel--in fact, it is a detective novel--how he and others found out how the universe started!
The interweaving of his personal story and that of many colleagues along with their photos and many wonderfully clear diagrams allows just the right amount of relaxation from the intensity of the physics. In places the style reminds one of Watson's famous book ``The Double Helix``. He tells how his work on magnetic monopoles and spontaneous symmetry breaking led to the discovery of the inflationary theory of the very early universe(ca 10 to minus 35 seconds!).
Along the way you will learn many gems that should stay with you a long time such as: the observed universe(eg, everything the Hubble telescope etc can see out to ca. 15 billion light years when the universe began) is likely just a vanishingly tiny part of the entire inhomogeneous universe which is about 10 to the 23rd times larger; the big bang probably took place simultaneously and homogeneously in our observed universe; there probably have been and will continue to be an infinite number of big bangs in an infinite number of universes for an infinite time; when a bang happens, everything(space, time, all the elements) from the previous universe are destroyed; the stretching of space can happen at speeds much greater than the speed of light; our entire observed universe lies in a single bubble out of an endless number so there may be trillions of trillions just in our own entire(pocket) universe(and there may be an endless number of such); none of these infinite number of universes interact--ie, we can never find out anything about the others; each universe started with its own big bang and will eventually collapse to create a new big bang; all this implies that the whole universe is fractal in nature and thus infinitely regresses to ever more universes(which can lead one to thinkgof it as a giant hologram); disagreements between the endless(hundreds at least) variations of inflation are sometimes due to lack of awareness that different definitions of time are being used; some theories suggest that there was a first big bang but we can never find out what happened before it; nevertheless it appears increasingly plausible that there was no beginning but rather an eternal cycle of the destruction and creation, each being the beginning of spacetime for that universe; to start a universe you need about 25g of matter in a 10 to minus 26cm diameter sphere with a false vacuum and a singularity(white hole).
Regardless of all this we still want to know how and why it all started even if this question seems to make no sense and he notes that Tryon speculated long ago that quantum fluctuations could give rise to our universe instantly any time from the very beginning(eg, 10 to minus 35 seconds) to this instant, complete with our particle accelerators and Guth with his ``memories`` of inventing inflation! The probability is incredibly small, but as there may be an infinite amount of time and space even the improbable becomes certain! The physicist Vilenkin extended Tryon's idea in a mathematically well defined way, giving a quantum description of general relativity that shows that the universe (spacetime) can arise from nothing. It seems this is based on the fact that one of the possible geometries of the universe is an empty one with no points in which quantum tunnels to a nonempty state which then inflates. Inflation requires only a false vacuum and some mechanism to produce baryons and is independent of and GUTs. Even Einstein's infamous cosmic constant has reappeared as teh energy density in the vacuum--which is a very complex state in which particles and antiparticles are appearing(from the vacuum!), annihilating one another, and disappearing at an enormous rate. When you get to the most advanced(basic) theory, it is utter chaos, with only thin threads of observation from accelerators and astronomical instruments linking it the universe.
Hawking came up with perhaps the most outrageous theories of the beginning--a set of equations in which (at 10 to minus 43 sec) the concepts of space and time dissolve into quantum ambiguity. The universe just is and can inflate from there:ie, the famous Hartle-Hawking quantum wave function where spacetime has no initial boundary with quantum fluctuations(randomness) determining the probability of every possible outcome(all possible universes). This implies that the universe must be, because nothingness is impossible, but then why are there laws of physics?
Strings are an alternative to quantum fluctuations but they are even harder to connect to reality. It is their mathematical elegance(so elegant that we have to develop more complex math before it can evolve further!) and power(24 dimensional geometry!)that makes them irresistible. One gets the impression that String Theory could explain any possible universe and indeed, that is one of the major problems--the equations have millions of solutions and which one is for our universe!? (if you want to know about this see my review of Kaku's ' Hyperspace' )
Guth gets into a 'very interesting discussion of what 'nothing' and 'beginning'mean. In fact the last chapter(Epilogue) is the most speculative and for many probably the most interesting part of the book and is(like much of modern physics for most people) almost indistinguishable from science fiction--incredible special effects, but it lacks a plot, character development, a beginning and an end!
Nobody knew in 1997 that the universe was expanding at an increasing rate but due to the endless variations on the theory and the high degree of arbitrariness and virtually limitless nature of possible assumptions, I doubt it will consitute a problem for very long. Likewise with the various theories about how space itself is expanding, not just the matter in it.
Cosmology and particle physics are intimately connected and since we have probably reached the limit in cost for accelerators(the world's entire GDP would not be near enough to build one that could get remotely near the 10 to the 19th BEV required to examine events at the Planck length) the next few years may see the end of input to cosmology from the bottom end. The top end--mostly outer space instruments- are less costly and will likely yield new info for a few decades yet -but the coming collapse of civilization will likely put an end to them as well by mid century. So it seems we may have another 50 years to evolve our GUTs(Grand Unified Theories) and our cosmology and `know the mind of God`(Hawking).
He does not spend alot of time in philosophical digressions but I think most would agree that our psychology(eg, the cognitive templates or inference engines) severely limits the kinds of theories we can produce. Perhaps one day computers will generate many(an infinite number?) of advanced theories but we probably will not be able to understand most of them. One needs a certain level of brain power to understand something and ours was evolved about a million years ago to get food, find mates and manipulate other monkeys. Just as a truck needs a certain horsepower to haul a load up a hill, a brain must have a certain calculating ability to understand an idea or an algorithm and it seems probable to me that our computers will soon produce many beyond our reach.
It occurs to me that if the universe is a giant computer(as many have theorized--eg Wolfram most recently in ``A New Kind of Science``) then we hope that it uses some kind of algorithm that we can understand -and prove with our math. But if so, maybe only our computers will be able to understand it or communicate with it! Also since the incompleteness theorems of Godel and Chaitin show that there are an infinite number of well formed algorithms that we cannot, even in principle ever prove or disprove(and no computer can do it either), it occurs to me that it is possible that the algorithms of the universal computer may be among those, and in that case even our most advanced computers may never prove the all the algorithms of the universal computer*ie the universe) and so it will forever remain as physics is now, with some laws that cannot be connected to the others and some teh truth of which will be always undecidable. Perhaps Chaitin's omega number( giving the limits of math) may someday tell us something about the ability of computers(our most advanced future one vs the universe) to prove each others algorithms. Perhaps it is consistent with one of the endless versions of inflation that each universe has a different algorithm or that the algorithms change with time(and they have already used such ideas as gravity changing with time).
He deliberately spends little time on the endless variants of inflation such as chaotic, expanded and supernatural inflation or on dark matter', supersymmetry and string theory, though they were well known at the time as you can find by reading other books such as Michio Kaku's `Hyperspace` published in 1994(see my review).
Summary of The Inflationary Universe
This is the compelling, first-hand account of Alan Guth?s paradigm-breaking discovery of the origins of the universe—and of his dramatic rise from young researcher to physics superstar. Guth?s startling theory—widely regarded as one of the most important contributions to science during the twentieth century—states that the big bang was set into motion by a period of hyper-rapid “inflation,? lasting only a billion-trillion-billionth of a second. The Inflationary Universe is the passionate story of one leading scientist?s effort to look behind the cosmic veil and explain how the universe began.
Just about everyone in the scientific community accepts the theory that our universe began in a "big bang"--but that theory leaves numerous unanswered questions about why the cosmos formed in just the manner we observe today. In The Inflationary Universe, physicist Alan Guth recounts his and others' struggle to expound a theory that could plug the gaps. The outcome is a theory of "inflation" that postulates that the universe underwent an incomprehensibly large expansion in the first fraction of a microsecond of its existence. With the perspective that only a first-person account could provide, The Inflationary Universe sheds light on a leading theory in humankind's continuing quest to understand the universe we live in.
Astronomy Books
Book Subjects
- Arts & Photography
- Biographies & Memoirs
- Business & Investing
- Children's Books
- Comics & Graphic Novels
- Computers & Internet
- Cooking, Food & Wine
- Entertainment
- Gay & Lesbian
- Health, Mind & Body
- History
- Home & Garden
- Horror
- Law
- Literature & Fiction
- Mystery & Thrillers
- Nonfiction
- Outdoors & Nature
- Parenting & Families
- Professional & Technical
- Reference
- Religion & Spirituality
- Romance
- Science
- Science Fiction & Fantasy
- Sports
- Teens
- Travel
Most talked about in Astronomy Books
Upper Atmosphere Models and Researchby Michael J. Rycroft
Pergamon Pr; Published: 1989-12-01; Paperback; Book
Best price: $89.00
Lunar Science: Index, 1970-78: Conference Proceedingsby Amanda R Masterson
Pergamon Press; Published: 1979-11; Hardcover; Book
Titius-Bode Law of Planetary Distances: Its History and Theory (Monographs in Natural Philosophy)by Michael Martin Nieto
Pergamon Press; Published: 1972-08-17; Hardcover; Book
Elements of Literature, 6th Course: Literature of Britain with World Classicsby Jay Pasachoff
Holt, Rinehart and Winston; Published: 2000-10; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $47.00
The Jupiter Effectby John Gribbin, Isaac Asimov
HarperCollins Publishers; Published: 1977-02-28; Paperback; Book
Best price: $372.87
Planetary System - Textbook Onlyby David Morrison
Addison-Wesley Longman, Incorporated; Published: 2003; Paperback; Book
Best price: $317.36
Night Sky (Collins Watch Guide)by Liz (ed) Bourne
Harpercollins Pub Ltd; Published: 1999-01; Paperback; Book
Best price: $66.41
The Universe in a Nutshellby Stephen William Hawking
Baker and Taylor; Bantam; Published: 2001-11-06; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $15.00
Price in other shops:
The Cambridge Star Atlasby Wil Tirion
Cambridge University Press; Published: 2001-03-26; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $132.93
A Beginner's Guide to Constructing the Universe: Mathematical Archetypes of Nature, Art, and Scienceby Michael S. Schneider
HarperPerennial; Published: 1995-09-29; Paperback; Book
Best price: $10.78
Price in other shops:
Similar Books and other products
The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmosby Brian Greene
Knopf; Published: 2011-01-25; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $15.00
Price in other shops:
The Book of Universes: Exploring the Limits of the Cosmosby John D. Barrow
W. W. Norton & Company; Published: 2011-06-20; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $16.49
Price in other shops:
The Universe in a Nutshellby Stephen William Hawking
Baker and Taylor; Bantam; Published: 2001-11-06; Hardcover; Book
Best price: $15.00
Price in other shops:
The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theoryby Brian Greene
PBS; Vintage Books; Published: 2000-02-29; Paperback; Book
Best price: $4.94
Price in other shops:
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (Princeton Science Library)by Richard P. Feynman
Princeton University Press; Published: 2006-04-04; Paperback; Book
Best price: $9.60
Price in other shops:
Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy (Commonwealth Fund Book Program)by Kip S. Thorne
W. W. Norton & Company; Published: 1995-01-17; Paperback; Book
Best price: $9.96
Price in other shops:
The First Three Minutes: A Modern View Of The Origin Of The Universeby Steven Weinberg
Baker and Taylor; Basic Books; Published: 1993-08-18; Paperback; Book
Best price: $7.78
Price in other shops:
The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Realityby Brian Greene
Vintage; Published: 2005-02-08; Paperback; Book
Best price: $8.93
Price in other shops:
Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape The Universeby Martin Rees
Basic Books; Published: 2001-05; Paperback; Book
Best price: $9.06
Price in other shops:
Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universesby Alex Vilenkin
Hill and Wang; Published: 2007-07-10; Paperback; Book
Best price: $11.68
Price in other shops: