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The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Richard J. Evans Edition: Paperback Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2005-02-01 ISBN: 0143034693 Number of pages: 656 Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Book Reviews of The Coming of the Third ReichBook Review: History Is No Mystery Summary: 5 Stars
It's just the sum of the contingencies of what people and nature do to each other in the irrevesrible course of time. There's nothing `inevitable' in history until it seems so after the fact. "Destiny" is a mere sleight of tongue, and `manifest destiny' is a declaration of intent rather than an anaylsis of past events, which would read truer as `manifesto: destiny.' Hegel, Marx, Tolstoy, Toynbee and such were theologians, not historians; the `Westward March' of the World Spirit is just a rhetorical parade toward the justification of national misbehavior, whether the music is the Horst Wessel Song or The Stars and Stripes Forever.
That's my own formulation, and it might well be too florid to suit Professor Richard J Evans. Nevertheless I think it expresses his fundamental skepticism toward any kind of historical determinism. Evans is not a Marxist of whatever caliber, but he's just as little a Wagnerian Romantic. He begins his detailed account of "The Coming of the Third Reich" by dismissing the notions of a unique German Character and/or a Thousand-Year Mythos of German Exceptionalism, despite the fact that many Germans and especially German hsitorians have subscribed to such ideas.
Specifically, he writes:
-- "It was this atmosphere [following WW1] of national trauma, political extremism, violent conflict, and revolutionary upheaval that Nazism was born."
-- "Extreme violence against the left had been legiinized, if not encouraged, by the moderate Social Democrats; but this in no way exempted them from being a target themselves ..."
-- "Politics, to reverse a famous dictum ... became war pursued by other means."
-- "... the anti-semitic parties had introduced a new, rabble-rousing, demagogic style of politcs that had freed itself from the customary restraints of political decorum."
-- "A worldwide economic depression, sparked by the failure of .. investments in the United States, brough widespread bankruptcies and business failures in Germany. Small businesses and workshops were particularly badly hit. In their incomprehension of the wider forces that were destroying thier livelihood, those most severely affected found it easy to belive the claims of ... conservative journalists that Jewish financiers were to blame."
-- "For the diaffected and the unsuccessful, thsoe who felt pushed aside by the Juggernaut of industrialization and yearned for a simpler, more ordered, more secure, more heirarchical society such as they imagined had existed in the not-too-distant past, the Jews symbolized cultural, financial and social modernity."
Can you see where these quotations are leading? Substitute one scapegoat for another, switch all references to Jews to `Liberals' or `Secular Humanists' and you'll notice that the same conditions of overheated Reaction that unhinged Germany in the early 1920s have become prevalent in the USA in the current decade. In fact, one of the best reasons for studying the Coming of Nazism in Germany is to evaluate whether rabid rightwing agitation in the USA really does replicate the conditions that allowed Hitler to claim a mandate. As the novelist Sinclair Lewis realized in the 1930s, observing the rise of Nazism, it's not enough to just shrug one's shoulders and declare that "It Can't Happen Here."
Let's be clear that Dr Evans does not address the milieu of extremism in the USA at the turn of the 21st Century. His work is a soberly detailed recounting of political and cultural developments in Germany from the Unification of 1871 to the accession to power of Hitler in 1933. Evans's prose is clear, dry, and cogent; this text might remind some older TV watchers of the `mantra' of a certain LAPD dectective: "Just the facts, Ma'm!" No single fact, or current of facts, explained the rise of ideological tyrannies in Europe -- not only in Germany, but catastrophically also in Russia, Italy, and Spain -- during the First World War and the decades thereafter. The reader of Professor Evan's book will need a capacious, orderly memory to store and evaluate all the threads of contingency and causation that comprise his account. But the effort will be worthwhile; this book is the most coherent and plausible `overview' of the birth of Nazism I've encountered. It's the first volume of a trilogy, by the way. I look forward, after a breather, to reading the continuation, the second volume, dealing with the actual operation of the Third Reich in Power, from 1933 to 1941.
Summary of The Coming of the Third ReichThere is no story in twentieth-century history more important to understand than Hitler?s rise to power and the collapse of civilization in Nazi Germany. With The Coming of the Third Reich, Richard Evans, one of the world?s most distinguished historians, has written the definitive account for our time. A masterful synthesis of a vast body of scholarly work integrated with important new research and interpretations, Evans?s history restores drama and contingency to the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazis, even as it shows how ready Germany was by the early 1930s for such a takeover to occur. The Coming of the Third Reich is a masterwork of the historian?s art and the book by which all others on the subject will be judged.
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