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Stealing the General: The Great Locomotive Chase and the First Medal of Honor by Russell S. Bonds
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Russell S. Bonds Edition: Paperback Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2008-09-15 ISBN: 1594160783 Number of pages: 464 Publisher: Westholme Publishing
Book Reviews of Stealing the General: The Great Locomotive Chase and the First Medal of HonorBook Review: Excellent retelling of an old more or less legendary story Summary: 5 Stars
The Great Locomotive Chase is part of Civil War legend and myth. Few history buffs, prior to a few years ago, knew much about the "raid" as it was termed back in the day, because the events had moved from fact to fiction and legend so quickly that it became difficult to seperate the two. For whatever reason, no Civil War historian had chosen to write anything about this incident, a side-show to the battle of Shiloh and the campaign that ran a few months later from Northern Georgia up into Tennessee and then Kentucky, and eventually cost Don Carlos Buell his career. The main Union General involved, Ormsby M. "Old Stars" Mitchel, is apparently better known in astronomy circles than as a Civil War general, given that he died six months after the events in the book without having participated in a major battle. The leader of the raiders, James J. Andrews, was very obscure in that no one knew practically anything about him, beyond his name and that he'd lived in Kentucky for a few years prior to the war, so there's nothing there. Andrews, of course, was executed by the Confederates in the aftermath of the "raid", and so he wrote nothing about his experiences or life.
Nevertheless, Russell Bonds wades in, deciding to sort fact from fiction as much as possible, and work out the kinks in the history of this storied adventure. The basics of the legend are more or less true: in April 1862, the Union army had a detachment within spitting distance of the city of Chattanooga TN. Once they lost the position a few months after the events in this book, the Union army would have to fight several bloody battles to regain this position, so their presence this early in the war was promising, to say the least. The commander of this force (it was a division of Don Carlos Buell's army) was the aforementioned Ormsby Mitchel, and he had about 10,000 men with him. He was beset by guerillas and cavalry raids, but even so he was optimistic that he could advance and capture, and hold Chattanooga. The author explains that because of the limited nature of the Confederacy's railroad network, capture of Chattanooga severed one of two east-west trunk lines between Richmond and points east on the one hand, and the "western" Confederacy, Vicksburg, New Orleans, etc. Capture of Atlanta, about 100 miles to the south and a little bit east of Chattanooga, would completely sever rail communications between the two halves of the Confederacy. The problem was getting Mitchel's force, which occupied Huntsville, AL, into Chattanooga.
A Union-sympathising smuggler and spy named James J. Andrews approached General Mitchel with a plan. He'd already tried a version of it on Mitchel's boss, Don Carlos Buell, earlier in the year, and the whole thing had hung fire for various reasons now obscure. In the version of the plan that Andrews proposed to Mitchel, he needed two dozen men from Mitchel's command, armed with pistols and dressed in civilian clothing. They would proceed southeast from Huntsville to Atlanta, rendevous there and then hijack a locomotive, and run it north along the rail line between Atlanta and Chattanooga. The idea was that as they ran north, they would burn bridges and pull up rails from the tracks, breaking the rail line repeatedly. They would also cut the telegraph lines as they stormed north on the rails. This would break all the communications, and cut the supply lines of any force defending Chattanooga, so that when General Mitchel's force appeared to take the city the defenders would be hungry and unsupplied.
The whole thing didn't work, of course. Andrews and his men got into position mostly intact (two men were forced by circumstance to join the Confederate army, and two more overslept on the morning of the attack, literally missing the train) and took the train (named the "General"), but the train's regular crew took exception to the fact that their train had been stolen, and they took off running (literally) down the tracks after the Yankee train thieves. The pursuers spent most of the day chasing their quarry, changing their conveyance repeatedly, from a pushed repair-crew rail car to several different trains, most notably the "Texas", and just doggedly kept following the raiders. The close pursuit thwarted the raiders' plans to burn bridges or destroy much track, though in truth the fact it was raining heavily also added to their frustration. Just short of their destination of Chattanooga the raiders ran out of wood and water, essentially fuel in those days on a locomotive, and the group scattered in the woods. All were eventually caught and imprisoned, with eight of their number being executed as spies, eight more escaping prison and returning home, and the remainder being exchanged about a year after they were captured. The reference in the subtitle to the "first Medal of Honor" reflects the fact that the raiders were, literally, the first men to be awarded this medal. There were others who had already earned it (several at the Battle of Bull Run, for instance) but the awarding of the medals during the war was haphazard. Secretary Stanton, apparently on a whim, awarded medals to the just-exchanged ex-prisoner group of raiders when they presented themselves in Washington and were brought to him for a personal interview.
Bonds does an admirable job of recounting the whole of the episode. I first read his second book, which covers the Battle of Atlanta in 1864. That's a momentous event, and so I was impressed with his ability to analyse and discuss the major events that occurred; here, I was a bit concerned because this episode, by contrast, is really a footnote in Civil War History. But Bonds does a good job anyway, not over-emphasizing the importance of what occurred but not trivialising it either. It's a fascinating account, filled with eccentric characters (as all Civil War stories are, almost by neccessity) and Bonds tells it well. I highly recommend this book to any Civil War buff, and frankly this is the sort of book that can be read by anyone interested in non-fiction who has any interest at all. Highly recommended.
Summary of Stealing the General: The Great Locomotive Chase and the First Medal of HonorSelected by Civil War Interactive as One of the Top Civil War Books of All Time "The definitive book about the Great Locomotive Chase."?Charlotte Observer "Magnificent and definitive."?Wall Street Journal "The Great Locomotive Chase has been the stuff of legend and the darling of Hollywood. Now we have a solid history of the Andrews Raid. Russell S. Bonds' stirring account makes clear why the raid failed and what happened to the raiders."?James M. McPherson, author of Battle Cry of Freedom, winner of the Pulitzer Prize "In this gripping, smooth-running account, Bonds zooms effortlessly from broad-stroke overviews of Civil War strategy to minute-by-minute scrutiny of unfolding events on the ground. He sets up the story with a quick, punchy outline of the first year of the war. What follows is a fast-paced, extremely well-told tale of espionage, capture, trial and escape."?Publishers Weekly (starred review) "Phenomenally well written, organized, and presented."?Civil War Books and Authors On April 12, 1862?one year to the day after Confederate guns opened on Fort Sumter and started the Civil War?a tall, mysterious smuggler and self-appointed Union spy named James J. Andrews and nineteen infantry volunteers infiltrated north Georgia and stole a steam engine called the General. Racing northward at speeds approaching sixty miles an hour, cutting telegraph lines and destroying track along the way, Andrews planned to open East Tennessee to the Union army, cutting off men and matériel from the Confederate forces in Virginia. If they succeeded, Andrews and his raiders could change the course of the war. But the General's young conductor, William A. Fuller, chased the stolen train first on foot, then by handcar, and finally aboard another engine, the Texas. He pursued the General until, running out of wood and water, Andrews and his men abandoned the doomed locomotive, ending the adventure that would soon be famous as The Great Locomotive Chase. But the ordeal of the soldiers involved was just beginning. In the days that followed, the "engine thieves" were hunted down and captured. Eight were tried and executed as spies, including Andrews. Eight others made a daring escape to freedom, including two assisted by a network of slaves and Union sympathizers. For their actions, before a personal audience with President Abraham Lincoln, six of the raiders became the first men in American history to be awarded the Medal of Honor?the nation's highest decoration for gallantry. Americans north and south, both at the time and ever since, have been astounded and fascinated by this daring raid. But until now, there has not been a complete history of the entire episode and the fates of all those involved. Based on eyewitness accounts, as well as correspondence, diaries, military records, newspaper reports, deposition testimony and other primary sources, Stealing the General: The Great Locomotive Chase and the First Medal of Honor by Russell S. Bonds is a blend of meticulous research and compelling narrative that is now considered to be the definitive history of "the boldest adventure of the war."
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