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Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War by T.J. Stiles
Book Summary InformationAuthor: T.J. Stiles Edition: Paperback Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2003-10-28 ISBN: 0375705589 Number of pages: 544 Publisher: Vintage
Book Reviews of Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil WarBook Review: Unmasking The Jesse James Myth Summary: 5 Stars
This book will not be popular with pinheads who idolize gangsters and thugs as romantic, swashbuckling heroes. T. J. Stiles has revealed the ugly truth about Jesse James and his partners in crime in this fast moving but well researched book. The details of James' movements and crimes read like a suspense novel and it brings us as close to his personal life as possible without over speculation. The title is somewhat misleading because it gives one the impression that Jesse James was a Civil War soldier which he never was.
Stiles reveals how the Jesse James myth was largely created by newspaper editor, John Edwards, who protrayed James as a Robin Hood who was hounded and unjustly persecuted by Yankee carpetbaggers and radical reconstructionists. Without Edwards' grandiose storytelling and spin, the Jesse James myth falls apart. James admittedly craved this kind of publicity and was as skilled in self-promotion as he was in committing crimes.
James used the post Civil War political turmoil in Missouri to bolster his own image. By identifying himself with disenfranchized former Confederates, he tried to influence Southern Democrats to grant him immunity from his crimes. He played the role as a political hero to his own advantage and was aided by spinmeisters like Edwards. James was perceived by his admirers as the defending hero of a lost cause, the Confederacy. His legend flourished, in large part, because of the anger and resentment of former Confederates over reconstruction which included civil rights laws, empowering former slaves with the right to vote, receive an education, and serve in the army. Stiles clearly demonstrates how disenfranchized Confederates were Jesse James' support base.
Jesse James was barely 18 when the Civil War ended and, in fact, never served in the Civil War as a Confederate soldier. He started his career as a bushwhacker under the tutelage of criminal psychopaths like William Clarke Quantrill, "Bloody" Bill Anderson, and Archie Clement. Bushwhackers rode under the banner of the Confederacy and wrapped themselves in the Confederate flag to give themselves some measure of credibility. They were actually gangsters and thugs who terrorized, robbed, and murdered unarmed civilians who they perceived as yankee sympathizers or who happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Contrary to the myth, the majority of the bushwhackers' victims were not Yankee invaders but native Missourians.
Stiles shatters the myth that James and his fellow outlaws struck businesses that oppressed the traditional farmer. The majority of James' allies were capitalists who farmed for profit and were integrated into the market system. The James family owned land and slaves and could hardly be considered peasants. Nobody in Missouri saw bank robbery and train robbery as solutions to the plight of the rural farmer. This was a myth which was created later on.
Jesse James' real enemies were not giant corporate entities like banks and railroads but his fellow Missourians who sided with the Union and abolitionists and reconstructionists like Adelbert Ames who wanted to enfranchize former slaves.
Jesse James' foolish admirers who demonize Robert Ford as a coward seem oblivious to the cold blooded murders committed by their hero. This would include a wounded and dazed bank teller, Joseph Heywood, who James shot after Heywood was savagely beaten by James' comrades during a bank robbery.
In the end, Jesse James was a thug and nothing more. The only thing praiseworthy about him was the daring and skill in which he carried out his crimes and his self-promotion. His sole contribution to society was to help slow the progress of reconstruction in Missouri by using fear and intimidation. As Stiles so adroitly notes, "in many respects, he was the forerunner of the modern terrorist."
Summary of Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil WarIn this brilliant biography T. J. Stiles offers a new understanding of the legendary outlaw Jesse James. Although he has often been portrayed as a Robin Hood of the old west, in this ground-breaking work Stiles places James within the context of the bloody conflicts of the Civil War to reveal a much more complicated and significant figure.
Raised in a fiercely pro-slavery household in bitterly divided Misssouri, at age sixteen James became a bushwhacker, one of the savage Confederate guerrillas that terrorized the border states. After the end of the war, James continued his campaign of robbery and murder into the brutal era of reconstruction, when his reckless daring, his partisan pronouncements, and his alliance with the sympathetic editor John Newman Edwards placed him squarely at the forefront of the former Confederates? bid to recapture political power. With meticulous research and vivid accounts of the dramatic adventures of the famous gunman, T. J. Stiles shows how he resembles not the apolitical hero of legend, but rather a figure ready to use violence to command attention for a political cause?in many ways, a forerunner of the modern terrorist. Probably no American outlaw has attracted more attention--much of it flattering--than Jesse James. This revisionist biography by T.J. Stiles delves into the exciting life James led--"a tale of ambushes, gun battles, and daring raids, of narrow escapes, betrayals, and revenge." Yet it also places James within a specific political context, showing why it was possible for this murderous bandit to emerge as a folk hero among Southern sympathizers following the Civil War (in which he fought as a teenager). James is often grouped with famous frontier criminals like Billy the Kidd and Butch Cassidy, but he's best understood as a Southerner who forged partisan alliances in postwar Missouri and promoted himself as a latter-day Robin Hood. Stiles describes James as "a foul-mouthed killer who hated as fiercely as anyone on the planet" and places his life in the context of "the struggle for--or rather, against--black freedom." Stiles's fundamental point about James is as startling as it is convincing: "In his political consciousness and close alliance with a propagandist and power broker, in his efforts to win media attention with his crimes ... Jesse James was a forerunner of the modern terrorist." Tough words, but also deserved. --John J. Miller
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