In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development

In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development
by Carol Gilligan

In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development
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Book Summary Information

Author: Carol Gilligan
Edition: Paperback
Audio: English (Original Language); English (Unknown); English (Published)
Published: 1993-07-01
ISBN: 0674445449
Number of pages: 216
Publisher: Harvard University Press

Book Reviews of In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development

Book Review: A rigor-less lens with which to view women.
Summary: 2 Stars

Gilligan's book launched a cottage industry of teacher in-service seminars on the disadvantages (and the corresponding advantages provided to men) that American women experience in our educational system. Unfortunately, her study lacked any rigor that is associated with sound research. While the study provides face validity (conclusions that seem to make sense), there is no predictive value to the study and its conclusions. Further, Gilligan has changed her story from this being a quantitative study, to it really being a qualitative study, to, eventually, it being an anecdotal study. There may be large differences in the way our schools treat women. They may even be placed in a disadvantaged position, but there is no valid evidence presented here.
Gilligan has been unwilling to open her research up to the academic community, a violation of accepted academic practice. Therefore, this study is less of a proof than it is a lens by which to view, a priori, a feminist perspective on the disadvantages provided to American women. As such, it would be useful to feminist theory, but not to science and reason. It did provide a useful tool to get Kohlberg to reformulate his research to be more inclusive, so that was useful.
Hoff-Summers wrote a critique of Gilligan called The War Against Boys. Hoff-Summers' interest was first piqued by being a feminist with a son in public schools, and her experience of the way she saw girls being favored in classrooms at the expense of the boys. It is an interesting read, and while it may not draw all the correct conclusions, it does shine a fairly bright light on the weakness of Gilligan's methodology.

Summary of In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development

This is the little book that started a revolution. First published almost twenty years ago, it made women's voices heard, in their own right and with their own integrity, for virtually the first time in social scientific theorizing about women. Its impact was immediate and continues to this day, in the academic world and beyond. Translated into sixteen languages, with more than three-quarters of a million copies sold around the world. In a Different Voice has inspired new research, new educational initiatives, and political debate-and helped many women and men to see themselves and each other in a different light.

Carol Gilligan believes that psychology has persistently and systematically misunderstood women--their motives, their moral commitments, the course of their psychological growth, and their special view of what is important in life. Here she sets out to correct psychology's misperceptions and refocus its view of female personality. The result is truly a tour de force, which may well reshape much of what psychology now has to say about female experience.

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