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House of Cards: A Tale of Hubris and Wretched Excess on Wall Street by William D. Cohan
Book Summary InformationAuthor: William D. Cohan Edition: Hardcover Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2009-03-10 ISBN: 0385528264 Number of pages: 468 Publisher: Doubleday
Book Reviews of House of Cards: A Tale of Hubris and Wretched Excess on Wall StreetBook Review: Most Enlightening book On the Crisis so Far Summary: 5 Stars
This book concentrates on the fall of Bear Stearns which was the first major financial institution to crash here in the USA. The book is casually written and does map out how quickley liquidity crisis can wipe out a leveraged firm by stepping you through the day to day happenings of the last 10 days of the firm's life.
Wall Street firms are much different than other firms such as auto or computer firms. If you havent read much about Wall Street and havent understood this then this book is a good introduction to some of this. I have some sense of this as I have a brother who has worked on Wall Street for 20 years, but this book still gives a sense of what was going on in this particular crisis. Banking and especially investment banking is a highly leveraged business by definition and so the dynamics of these businesses are fundamentally different and you can get a good sense of this from this book.
After walking the reader through the last 10 days of the crisis the book then goes back and takes a much broader view filling in the context by giving the history of the Bear Stearns company and then giving very detailed background information on the key longtime leaders of Bear Stearns. It is clear that Bear Stearns was a bit of a rogue shop lead by a pretty independent minded group of traders who had been at the firm in some cases for 40-50 years. In giving the history of these leaders and also filling in their expertises one can see some of the strengths and weaknesses of the firm and of the leadership in place.
There is enough history in place here that you can understand how this company came to be such a stalwart of the fixed income arena as they had some of their big wins in bond markets and that is what the leadership understood best. It does appear that they had a guy running a couple of their hedgefunds who while a smart guy was not a very skilled manager and they appear to have let this guy get over his head. His manager was protecting him from interference from the "compliance" officers of the company. It also appears that this manager of the two hedge funds was engaged in fraud to the extent that he clearly saw that the mortgage derivatives from the subprime market were riskier, he was much more dependent upon these securities than he was reporting to the investors. This guy is apparrently in the courts on a couple of charges.
Bear Stearns was clearly filled with some interesting characters and there are enough anecdotes from the discussions to give you a pretty good feeling for the types of salty guys they were. There are also the reports on the lifestyle that some of these guys were living and of course it is clear that those at the top had some pretty interesting lifestyles. Some of these guys had like 5 houses and couple Ferrari's. The Ceo who was forced out just shortly before the company crashed had a summer routine where he would be helicoptered in the late afternoon on Thursdays to the golf course in new jersey for a quick afternoon round. (At a cost of 1700 bucks each time, which I guess if you are worth a billion you can afford).
It is also clear that there were few people in the upper eschelons of the company who had a really firm grasp of the more complicated derivatives that were instrumental in blowing up the hedge funds. It becomes clear that the risks that they were running were not very well understood by all of those in the management. This of course is not necessarily very surprising, I have seen the same phenomenon in silicon valley managers understanding the risks of the technologies that they adopt.
According to the story, one of the problems was that the key derivatives expert had had his compensation reined in and so may not have been minding the store as carefully as previously when his hedge fund managers were roaming into dangerous territory. It appears that to some extent this is a story of not enough adult supervision and not enough checks and balances on a fund that was investing in some risky and complicated securites. The Upper layers of management were not wartching it too closely, but part of that is that the returns had been quite strong for 40 months in a row and frankly he was misleading people in what he was investing in. (why is not clear but it appears he was running bigger risks to keep returns up).
The end of the book details the last 9 months of the collapse of the Hedgefunds up until the final 10 day liquidity crisis which ends up ending the company. In this section there is information on the final weeks of Lehmann brothers giving the reader insight into the differences in that event and Bear Stearns. There is also some discussion of the perspective of the crisis from the point of view of the last Ceo of Bear Stearns. This view appears to me to be pretty good.
The Author is a guy who has worked in this industry and he clearly communicates what the places are like. He is also fairly transparent in his discussion of certain events. In a number of places he indicates that different participants view things a bit differently and he clearly indicates the different viewpoints on what happened. The author has clearly researched most of the trade press publications about Bear Stearns during this period and has had the active participation of a good number of the senior managers of Bear Stearns as interview subjects for the story that he maps out. He has done an excellent job of mapping this one out.
In summary I find this an extremely informative book on the Mortgage crisis as it hit Wall Street. You will understand much better the involvement of the Investment banks in this arena. You will understand very well what happened at Bear Stearns and to a much lesser extent Lehmann Brothers. However, be aware that this crisis involves many many different parts of the economy and therefore you will not understand in any detail what happened at say Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or Countrywide, these players in this debacle along with Congress and others like HUD are not at all discussed. This book focuses on Bear Stearns, whose collapse was pivotal and this book gives you a very good understanding of the dynamics of that, personalities, mistakes, personnel limitations, egos and all. It adds much to the picture but the overall economic debacle that we are dealing with is broader than just Wall Street. Regardless this is a valuable and well done addition to the literature. Cohan is to be commended.
Summary of House of Cards: A Tale of Hubris and Wretched Excess on Wall StreetOn March 5, 2008, at 10:15 A.M., a hedge fund manager in Florida wrote a post on his investing advice Web site that included a startling statement about Bear Stearns & Co., the nation?s fifth-largest investment bank: ?In my book, they are insolvent.?
This seemed a bold and risky statement. Bear Stearns was about to announce profits of $115 million for the first quarter of 2008, had $17.3 billion in cash on hand, and, as the company incessantly boasted, had been a colossally profitable enterprise in the eighty-five years since its founding.
Ten days later, Bear Stearns no longer existed, and the calamitous financial meltdown of 2008 had begun.
How this happened ? and why ? is the subject of William D. Cohan?s superb and shocking narrative that chronicles the fall of Bear Stearns and the end of the Second Gilded Age on Wall Street. Bear Stearns serves as the Rosetta Stone to explain how a combination of risky bets, corporate political infighting, lax government regulations and truly bad decision-making wrought havoc on the world financial system.
Cohan?s minute-by-minute account of those ten days in March makes for breathless reading, as the bankers at Bear Stearns struggled to contain the cascading series of events that would doom the firm, and as Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, New York Federal Reserve Bank President Tim Geithner, and Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke began to realize the dire consequences for the world economy should the company go bankrupt.
But HOUSE OF CARDS does more than recount the incredible panic of the first stages of the financial meltdown. William D. Cohan beautifully demonstrates why the seemingly invincible Wall Street money machine came crashing down. He chronicles the swashbuckling corporate culture of Bear Stearns, the strangely crucial role competitive bridge played in the company?s fortunes, the brutal internecine battles for power, and the deadly combination of greed and inattention that helps to explain why the company?s leaders ignored the danger lurking in Bear?s huge positions in mortgage-backed securities.
The author deftly portrays larger-than-life personalities like Ace Greenberg, Bear Stearns? miserly, take-no-prisoners chairman whose memos about re-using paper clips were legendary throughout Wall Street; his profane, colorful rival and eventual heir Jimmy Cayne, whose world-champion-level bridge skills were a lever in his corporate rise and became a symbol of the reasons for the firm?s demise; and Jamie Dimon, the blunt-talking CEO of JPMorgan Chase, who won the astonishing endgame of the saga (the Bear Stearns headquarters alone were worth more than JP Morgan paid for the whole company).
Cohan?s explanation of seemingly arcane subjects like credit default swaps and fixed- income securities is masterful and crystal clear, but it is the high-end dish and powerful narrative drive that makes HOUSE OF CARDS an irresistible read on a par with classics such as LIAR?S POKER and BARBARIANS AT THE GATE.
Written with the novelistic verve and insider knowledge that made THE LAST TYCOONS a bestseller and a prize-winner, HOUSE OF CARDS is a chilling cautionary tale about greed, arrogance, and stupidity in the financial world, and the consequences for all of us.
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