Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)

Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)
by Kwame Anthony Appiah

Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)
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Book Summary Information

Author: Kwame Anthony Appiah
Edition: Hardcover
Published: 2008-01-15
ISBN: 0674026098
Number of pages: 288
Publisher: Harvard University Press

Book Reviews of Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)

Book Review: Context Counts
Summary: 4 Stars

The "experiments" from which the book derives its name are on page 41: You are far more likely to be courteously helped by someone emerging from a phone booth if that person has just found abandoned money in the coin return slot...ambient noise levels of 85 decibels rather than 65 decibels decreased offers of aid to someone in minor distress...seminary students who had just been discussing the "Good Samaritan" story were much less likely to stop and aid someone in moderate to major distress if they were under time constraints...you are much more likely to get change for a dollar in front of fragrant bakery shop than in front of a dry-goods store.

This author contrasts virtue ethics with situational, contextual ethics. Over and over, experiments show that ethical behavior depends on the situation. It's easier to be virtuous when you're feeling good otherwise, but the act is almost always attributed to a rock-solid trait of one's character. Ben Franklin saw it otherwise. His famous personal virtue experiment revealed that when you managed to be virtuous in one way, you're likely to expose a vice somewhere else. His "list of virtues" comprised 13 traits, each to be practiced for a week at a time. At the end of thirteen weeks, they would all have been practiced once; after a year, four weeks each. One of his famous statement concerned "humility" week - during this week, he found himself becoming vain for having achieved so much humbleness (or something like that).

I try to like philosophy, I really do. But this book is like other philosophy books where logical arguments abound, splitting hairs where I didn't know hairs grew. That being said, I liked Appiah's approach. If you just take one virtue, like honesty, things are simple. When you add charity, compassion, and wisdom - not to mention humor, love, or ambition - things quickly get more complicated. He says, "It's like starting with Ockham's razor - just a sharp blade with a handle - then finding you need to add a beard trimmer, a nail clipper, and a whole host of Rube Goldberg accessories...and the messiness of ethic goes down deep."

Well-worthwhile read with re-exposure to the emphases of many different philosophers and a brief history of philosophy. Virtue ethics (character is built-in) versus situational/context ethics (evidential) is reviewed from every conceivable angle, with significant argumentation toward using evidence. Though geared toward the philosopher, I can heartily recommend this book to any thoughtful person.

Summary of Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)

In the past few decades, scientists of human nature--including experimental and cognitive psychologists, neuroscientists, evolutionary theorists, and behavioral economists--have explored the way we arrive at moral judgments. They have called into question commonplaces about character and offered troubling explanations for various moral intuitions. Research like this may help explain what, in fact, we do and feel. But can it tell us what we ought to do or feel? In Experiments in Ethics, the philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah explores how the new empirical moral psychology relates to the age-old project of philosophical ethics.

Some moral theorists hold that the realm of morality must be autonomous of the sciences; others maintain that science undermines the authority of moral reasons. Appiah elaborates a vision of naturalism that resists both temptations. He traces an intellectual genealogy of the burgeoning discipline of "experimental philosophy," provides a balanced, lucid account of the work being done in this controversial and increasingly influential field, and offers a fresh way of thinking about ethics in the classical tradition.

Appiah urges that the relation between empirical research and morality, now so often antagonistic, should be seen in terms of dialogue, not contest. And he shows how experimental philosophy, far from being something new, is actually as old as philosophy itself. Beyond illuminating debates about the connection between psychology and ethics, intuition and theory, his book helps us to rethink the very nature of the philosophical enterprise.

(20080203)

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