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East of Eden by John Steinbeck
Book Summary InformationAuthor: John Steinbeck Edition: Paperback Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published) Published: 2002 ISBN: 0142004235 Number of pages: 602 Publisher: Penguin Books Product features: - ISBN13: 9780142004234
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
Book Reviews of East of EdenBook Review: East of Eden & Springsteen Summary: 5 Stars
I just finished East of Eden by John Steinbeck, one of the greatest American novelists. Though it wasn't this novel that inspired Bruce Springsteen to write his father trilogy (Adam raised a Cain, Independence Day and my Father's House) it might as well have been the similarities are startling, both between the author and the singer as between the novel and the songs. Both Springsteen and Steinbeck are autodidacts when it comes to social and religious matters, both have been known to weave that subject matter into their works. The most pronounced link between Springsteen and Steinbeck might be Grapes of Wrath but East of Eden shows that Bruce attraction to Steinbeck is far from coincidental. In short the novel deals with the heritage of sin. Steinbeck modeled his novel to Genesis and especially to the story of Cain and Abel. The novel is a slow unraveling of a family drama over three generations, with the focus on the last two. It was his most ambitious yet controversial novel at the time. Although the novel works at various levels, the level of inter familiar relationships is where the relation to Springsteen's music strikes the clearest chord.
In the centre of the novel is the upbringing of Cal(eb) and A(a)ron, the twin "sons" of Adam Trask. Their youth is plagued by the secret and sins of their parents. Unbeknownst to the twins their true father is Adam's brother Charles. Their mother, Kathy, they are told died at birth although in fact she rejected her marriage, her children and all that is good. Kathy ran of after giving birth to Salinas where she runs a brothel. When the oldest born, Cal, finds out he's is burdened by this. Cal feels his mother's sin in his blood, experiences it as something he barely can escape. "In the darkness of your room, your mother calls you by your true name, You remember the faces, the places, the names, You know it's never over it's relentless as the rain, Adam raised a Cain" Springsteen sings; "You inherit the sins, you inherit the flames", the song continues. Both the novel and the song pose a question. Is sin something we inherit out of the pain of our parents, is it in our blood, can we possibly escape the trappings our parent set for us.
In the novel the question around the heritage of sin is discussed in length. Ironically it takes a Chinese servant, Lee, to shed some light on the case. Almost as if Steinbeck wants to tell us we need a foreign view to understand ourselves, to show us our trappings, to be our mirror. Thought Steinbeck might also have wanted to stress the universality the heritage of sin. Anybody who's ever read close into the Bible already knows that it's not free of contradiction and mystery, some of it spurns from translation as not all Hebrew let's itself easily translated in other languages. Steinbeck shows us through Lee that the whole notion of heritage of sin might be as a result of clumsy translation. In the King James Bible God promises Cain he'll conquer sin, where as in the American standard Bible Cain is commanded to rule over sin. "Thou shalt rule" or "Do thou rule", two translations, a world of difference. Both seem to imply we inherit sin, but the way we conquer sin differs. In the first God takes away our sin, in the second He commands us to stay free of sin. In both cases man is left without will. It has been decided for him what sin is and that it must be conquered, the only difference is who does it. God or man himself by command. The translation drives from the Hebrew "Timshel", more purely translated "Thou mayest", implying a far more open question, leaving it open for man if he'll recognize sin and if he'll conquer sin. Steinbeck in East of Eden radically reinterprets the Bible giving us free will and choice, close to making God irrelevant. If we have free will and choice, if we can decide for ourselves independently, God is no longer all powerful. Not only that, it means we can shake ourselves free from our heritage.
This realisation is close to the understanding Springsteen reaches in Independence Day.
"Well Papa go to bed now it's getting late
Nothing we can say is gonna change anything now
I'll be leaving in the morning from St. Mary's Gate
We wouldn't change this thing even if we could somehow
Cause the darkness of this house has got the best of us
There's a darkness in this town that's got us too
But they can't touch me now
And you can't touch me now
They ain't gonna do to me
What I watched them do to you"
In Independence Day is enclosed the realisation that the past cannot be chanced, it is something we carry with us and between us the rest of our (joint) lives. But Independence Day is also an affirmation of free will. In this song it seems that Springsteen no longer feels trapped in his heritage, he starts to make his own choices. The darkness can no longer touch him he exclaims and Springsteen decides on a different path as the one his father set out on or may have intended for him. The analogy is almost Biblical. Cast out of the Garden man set out on his own path making choices God neither intended nor wished for us but we have made with the free will installed in us.
With the unravelling of the novel Steinbeck starts to focus more and more on Cal and his relationship to his father. Steinbeck lets Cal play out a question that troubled him in the Bible. Why would God take preference over Abel's offer, does God have preferences, does he love some more than others. Steinbeck also shows our basic human need for recognition, our need to be accepted as full individuals by our parents as he lets the triangular relationship between Cal, Aron and Adam unravel. In the novel Aron develops as character that seems to meet Adam's wishes and desires. Adam sees in Aron the son he wanted, in Cal he seems to see the negative no matter how hard he tries, in his mind affirming the Sin he must have inherited from his mother, affirming he's no good. Although Cal has declared his independence earlier in the novel, his hunger for recognition fails to die causing him to hate his brother and hurt him severely. When Cal asks for his father's forgiveness and acceptance on his dying bed Adam just says Timshel, he may give him that, leaving the question unresolved but also leaving the choice of acceptance and forgiveness with Cal. He is left to forgive himself, he is left to accept himself, he is left with his own choices for bad or good despite how his father may perceive him.
A same kind of sentiment seems to breathe from "My Father's House", the song where Springsteen revisits his Father, looking for some closure but finding none. "My father's house shines hard and bright it stands like a beacon calling me in the night, Calling and calling, so cold and alone, Shining 'cross this dark highway where our sins lie unatoned"
Summary of East of Eden"When the book club ended a year ago, I said I would bring it back when I found the book that was moving?and this is a great one. I read it for myself for the first time and then I had some friends read it. And we think it might be the best novel we've ever read!" ?Oprah Winfrey In his journal, John Steinbeck called East of Eden "the first book," and indeed it has the primordial power and simplicity of myth. Set in the rich farmland of California's Salinas Valley, this sprawling and often brutal novel follows the intertwined destinies of two families?the Trasks and the Hamiltons?whose generations helplessly reenact the fall of Adam and Eve and the poisonous rivalry of Cain and Abel. Adam Trask came to California from the East to farm and raise his family on the new, rich land. But the birth of his twins, Cal and Aron, brings his wife to the brink of madness, and Adam is left alone to raise his boys to manhood. One boy thrives, nurtured by the love of all those around him: the other grows up in loneliness, enveloped by a mysterious darkness. First published in 1952, East of Eden is the work in which Steinbeck created his most mesmerizing characters and explored his most enduring themes: the mystery of identity, the inexplicability of love, and the murderous consequences of love's absence. A masterpiece of Steinbeck's later years, East of Eden is a powerful and vastly ambitious novel that is at once a family saga and a modern retelling of the Book of Genesis.
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