Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco

Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco
by Bryan Burrough, John Helyar

Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco
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Book Summary Information

Author: Bryan Burrough, John Helyar
Edition: Hardcover
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 2008-10-28
ISBN: 0061655546
Number of pages: 592
Publisher: HarperBusiness

Book Reviews of Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco

Book Review: Incredibly Good at Depicting the Incredibly Bad
Summary: 5 Stars

Veteran Wall Street Journal reporters Bryan Burrough and John Helyar have written a masterful and powerful epic that represents journalism at its best. What makes their journalism so great is not merely their meticulous and painstaking research, and not even their fluid flawless narrative rendering of the chaotic take-over of RJR Nabisco in the late eighties. Rather it's their psychological penetration of the epic's characters, allowing us a glimpse of their twisted worldview that combined form the ethos of corporate America and Wall Street today.

The anti-hero of this sad story is Ross Johnson, the chief executive of RJR Nabisco. Johnson was careless and callow, glib and greedy, a powerfully charismatic Canadian who would maneuver and manipulate his way into one of America's most powerful executives simply by appealing to everyone's worst instincts: he flattered and bribed his way to the top. As chief executive of RJR Nabisco (the result of the merger of Standard Brands (which Johnson led) into Nabisco, and then of that entity into RJ Reynolds), Johnson was king and kingmaker. He had his own air force, a loyal band of executives called the Merry Pranksters, and an army of celebrities. For whatever reason -- the authors speculate that he was just a impulsive personality or he felt pressure from his trophy wife or he was trying to escape the grief from his son in a coma -- Johnson destroyed his own empire by making a pact with Wall Street and making a gamble that showed the depth of his greed. Johnson and his bankers would attempt a leveraged buy-out of RJR Nabisco, making it private (essentially stealing it from shareholders) and making him insanely rich.

In the end, all the LBO did was make Johnson insane. When the authors first introduce us to Johnson we as readers find it hard to imagine that there could be people more corrupt and depraved than him, but then Wall Street enters the picture. Gone are the days of the gentlemen banker, and today it's the aggressive hard-charging thugs(as typified by the LBO specialist Henry Kravis) who rule Wall Street.

It is these cruel and sadistic bankers that would compete against each other for the biggest prize in corporate America. The battle would offer a lot of moments of tragicomedy, as well as of surreal greed and depravity.

The funniest scene in the book is when Henry Kravis's arch-nemesis Ted Frostmann arrives to negotiate with Ross Johnson and his bankers to see if they could join forces. Not only did they make Frostmann and his team wait hours but they did so because they were busy negotiating with Kravis to come to terms: they had used and insulted Frostmann, and when the negotiations with Kravis broke down they incredibly asked the angry Frostmann to negotiate, and incredibly he did.

And then there is the entire bidding process for RJR Nabisco, where everyone abandoned manners and decency, reason and sense to sate their insatiable greed. At the end the book's arch-villain Ross Johnson also turned out to be its most poignant and pathetic character, helplessly and haplessing witnessing the world implode around him. The only thing he could do was laugh hysterically.

Reading the book we readers are forced to think Wall Street as a confederacy of dunces, but looking back at what actually happened -- all of Wall Street triumphed and because it's a small network the bitterest of rivals quickly reconciled with each other, RJR Nabisco's executives either rose in power or were rescued by golden parachutes, and RJR Nabisco was destroyed -- RJR Nabisco shareholders could not be considered too paranoid if they thought the entire fiasco were a wild conspiracy by America's powerful elite to steal the company from them. In the end, America's financial system almost guarantees that no matter how incompetent and stupid, evil and malicious its leaders are they will always triumph.

And that is something that no one can laugh at.

Summary of Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco

A book that stormed both the bestseller list and the public imagination, a book that created a genre of its own, and a book that gets at the heart of Wall Street and the '80s culture it helped define, Barbarians at the Gate has emerged twenty years after the tumultuous deal it so brilliantly recounts as a modern classic?a masterpiece of investigatory journalism and a rollicking book of corporate derring-do and financial swordsmanship.

The fight to control RJR Nabisco during October and November of 1988 was more than just the largest takeover in Wall Street history. Marked by brazen displays of ego not seen in American business for decades, it became the high point of a new gilded age and its repercussions are still being felt. The tale remains the ultimate story of greed and glory?a story and a cast of characters that determined the course of global business and redefined how deals would be done and fortunes made in the decades to come.

Barbarians at the Gate is the gripping account of these two frenzied months, of deal makers and publicity flaks, of an old-line industrial powerhouse (home of such familiar products a Oreos and Camels) that became the victim of the ruthless and rapacious style of finance in the 1980s. As reporters for The Wall Street Journal, Burrough and Helyar had extensive access to all the characters in this drama. They take the reader behind the scenes at strategy meetings and society dinners, into boardrooms and bedrooms, providing an unprecedentedly detailed look at how financial operations at the highest levels are conducted but also a richly textured social history of wealth at the twilight of the Reagan era.

At the center of the huge power struggle is RJR Nabisco's president, the high-living Ross Johnson. It's his secret plan to buy out the company that sets the frenzy in motion, attracting the country's leading takeover players: Henry Kravis, the legendary leveraged-buyout king whose entry into the fray sets off an acquisitive commotion; Peter Cohen, CEO of Shearson Lehman Hutton and Johnson's partner, who needs a victory to propel his company to an unchallenged leadership in the lucrative mergers and acquisitions field; the fiercely independent Ted Forstmann, motivated as much by honor as by his rage at the corruption he sees taking over the business he cherishes; Jim Maher and his ragtag team, struggling to regain credibility for the decimated ranks at First Boston; and an army of desperate bankers, lawyers, and accountants, all drawn inexorably to the greatest prize of their careers?and one of the greatest prizes in the history of American business.

Written with the bravado of a novel and researched with the diligence of a sweeping cultural history, Barbarians at the Gate is present at the front line of every battle of the campaign. Here is the unforgettable story of that takeover in all its brutality. In a new afterword specially commissioned for the story's 20th anniversary, Burrough and Helyar return to visit the heroes and villains of this epic story, tracing the fallout of the deal, charting the subsequent success and failure of those involved, and addressing the incredible impact this story?and the book itself?made on the world.

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