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American Jezebel : The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the Puritans by Eve LaPlante
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Eve LaPlante Edition: Hardcover Format: Bargain Price Published: 2004-03 ISBN: N/A Number of pages: 336
Book Reviews of American Jezebel : The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the PuritansBook Review: A Fanatic Among Fanatics Summary: 3 StarsEve LaPlante's life of her infamous ancestor is a labor of love. It is chock-a-block with details about Hutchinson's descendants and about the current state of various places she visited that most likely will be of interest only to ... Hutchinson's descendants. Yet, it is more than that: it is a sympathetic account of perhaps the most eminent person to be thrown out of Puritan Massachusetts.
The issue over which Hutchinson ultimately suffered the fate of Roger Williams and, later, the Massachusetts Quakers was that of the sufficiency of the Scriptures to Protestant life. According to Hutchinson, she had received her un-Puritan ideas directly from God. This contradicted one of the two basic Protestant principles, _Sola Scriptura_ -- that the only authority a Protestant need recognize is that of the Scriptures, which supposedly spoke clearly and for themselves.
LaPlante is angry with the Puritan authorities, but what else could they have done than what they did? As in Williams' case, it is not as if Governor John Winthrop's opponent gave him a lot of choice. The alternative to banishing Hutchinson would have been to see her unshakable self-righteousness continue to fracture the Bay State. This meant the failure of the New England experiment. In individual cases, as the Puritan authorities understood it, it meant that particular people persuaded to adopt Hutchinson's way of seeing things would be condemned to eternity in Hell.
Contrary to the Publishers Weekly review above, the Puritans certainly DID NOT teach that the covenant of works was the only guarantee of salvation. What they held was essentially that faith without works is dead (gee, I wonder where they got that idea). LaPlante recognizes the difficulty posed by Hutchinson's position: that it would mean that there was no real indication in this life whether the individual believer was "saved," to borrow a contemporary term.
LaPlante joins Karlsen in insisting that her subject's fate would have been different if only she had been a male. Yet, with Williams in mind, she should have known better than that. Irresistible though this trendy idea may be, one doubts that the several men expelled as part of the anti-Hutchinson purge would have found it very persuasive.
Hutchinson had her revenge, of course: her descendants included a governor of Massachusetts, two governors of Rhode Island, and three presidents of the United States (at least one of whom seems as blissfully, fanatically self-righteous as his forebear), and she has been declared to be in good odor in recent decades by the government of Massachusetts itself.
If feeling less charitable, however, one might note that Hutchinson's devotion to an incomprehensible, insupportable, and indeed ultimately nonsensical theological position does not make her a very sympathetic figure. Her hard-headed certainty that she knew the mind of God led to the brutal murder not only of Hutchinson herself, but of several of her children. Winthrop's response to the news of that event was very ugly, but he was right to hold that her odd views accounted for her end.
Summary of American Jezebel : The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the PuritansAnne Hutchinson, a forty-six- year-old midwife who was pregnant with her sixteenth child, stood before forty male judges of the Massachusetts General Court, charged with heresy and sedition. In a time when women could not vote, hold public office, or teach outside the home, the charismatic Hutchinson wielded remarkable political power. Her unconventional ideas had attracted a following of prominent citizens eager for social reform. Hutchinson defended herself brilliantly, but the judges, faced with a perceived threat to public order, banished her for behaving in a manner "not comely for her] sex." Until now, Hutchinson has been a polarizing figure in American history and letters, attracting either disdain or exaltation. Nathaniel Hawthorne, who was haunted by the "sainted" Hutchinson, used her as a model for Hester Prynne in "The Scarlet Letter." Much of the praise for her, however, is muted by a wish to domesticate the heroine: the bronze statue of Hutchinson at the Massachusetts State House depicts a prayerful mother -- eyes raised to heaven, a child at her side -- rather than a woman of power standing alone before humanity and God. Her detractors, starting with her neighbor John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts, referred to her as "the instrument of Satan," the new Eve, the "disturber of Israel," a witch, "more bold than a man," and Jezebel -- the ancient Israeli queen who, on account of her tremendous political power, was "the most evil woman" in the Bible. Written by one of Hutchinson's direct descendants, "American Jezebel" brings both balance and perspective to Hutchinson's story. It captures this American heroine's life in all its complexity, presenting hernot as a religious fanatic, a cardboard feminist, or a raging crank -- as some have portrayed her -- but as a flesh-and-blood wife, mother, theologian, and political leader. Opening in a colonial courtroom, "American Jezebel" moves back in time to Hutchinson's childhood in Elizabethan England, exploring intimate details of her marriage and family life. The book narrates her dramatic expulsion from Massachusetts, after which her judges, still threatened by her challenges, promptly built Harvard College to enforce religious and social orthodoxies -- making her midwife to the nation's first college. In exile, she settled Rhode Island (which later merged with Roger Williams's Providence Plantation), becoming the only woman ever to co-found an American colony. The seeds of the American struggle for women's and human rights can be found in the story of this one woman's courageous life. "American Jezebel" illuminates the origins of our modern concepts of religious freedom, equal rights, and free speech, and showcases an extraordinary woman whose achievements are astonishing by the standards of any era.
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