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American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War On America by Chris Hedges
Book Summary InformationAuthor: Chris Hedges Edition: Hardcover Audio: English (Published) Format: Bargain Price Published: 2007-01-09 ISBN: N/A Number of pages: 272 Publisher: Free Press
Book Reviews of American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War On AmericaBook Review: My Candidate for the 2006 Book of the Year Award Summary: 5 Stars
This book is a devastating critique of how the Christian right continues to gain influence over American social policy and the American political process by exploiting America's growing social vulnerabilities, and doing so in "the name of the Lord." It shows how, in the process "dishonest religiosity" is eroding away our democratic freedoms and turning the U.S. into a Fascist state. An epigram of Umberto Eco's fourteen historical forms that lead to Fascism sets the stage for the analysis. Chris Hedge shows how the tactics used by the Christian religious right, parallels Eco's elements, as the Church, greatly assisted by the inconvenient and incestuous marriage between the corporate and political classes, continues to gain ascendancy over U.S. politics and social policy. Rather than attack the real creators of American misery and despair -- the consummation of this marriage between the American political and corporate classes -- the Christian right pretends that the despair of the average American is self-inflicted and therefore fixable only by turning heavenwards.
The book is not a polemic so much as it is a deeply thoughtful and well-crafted essay, warning us that while our society is busy thumbing its nose at "liberals" on the left, the nation has become ripe for a Fascist takeover by the Christian and conservative right -- "in the name of the Lord" no less. This appeal is all the more convincing and urgent in that it is made by a Christian educated and decorated clergyman himself. However, it is not the urgency, or the fact that Chris Hedges is a graduate of the Harvard theological seminary that sets this book apart from others that have tried with equal urgency to make us aware that the U.S. is headed downwards on the fast track to Christo-Fascism. What sets it apart is the sheer intellectual depth and clarity with which the author makes this most compelling of cases. He strikes a blow at the heart of rightwing Christiandom, and does so on an intellectual plane much higher than we Americans are used to. He pulls together beautifully various overlapping strains of psychology, theology, social psychology, and history. And then carefully maps these back into actual examples of living people, who possess the exploitable social vulnerabilities. He then shows us how dishonest versions of Christianity (Dominionism for instance) are used as instruments for rescuing those in despair as they are carefully "roped into the religious corral like a herd of unsuspecting sheep." What results is a staggeringly perceptive, thorough and accurate analysis of contemporary American cultural health.
In these days when there is so much talk in the media about the theological pronouncements of the Reverend Wright and Hagee, and as all roads to the collective American mind and heart sooner or later must travel through either race or religion, it comes as no surprise that it would take a clergyman of Chris Hedges statute to give us the correct diagnosis of our nation's mental and cultural health. In this regard, one cannot avoid noting the importance of element number five on Eco's list, which has always struck me as the most salient of all the elements on the list. Number five states that "Fascism is racist by definition." It did not take Umberto Eco, or an advance degree in theology to realize that all racist nations are, ipso facto, Fascist; or that racism and religious hypocrisy form a wickedly potent witches brew, that along with the incestuous marriage between the corporate, religious and political classes, continues to sew despair among average Americans -- despair that is easily shaped into a sharp instrument for undermining, and eventually destroying our democracy. In fact, I would encourage the author to take this analysis a step further and consider doing another essay exploring the intersection between race and religion in American history. Since religion has always been the handmaiden of American racism, and next to religion, racism is America's second most important social product there is clearly a story here that sorely needs to be told.
How does Christianity accomplish the goal of undermining democracy: Chris Hedges tells us in graphic and scholarly detail:
Under religious domination, the idea of "the people" becomes a theatrical fiction. Power is handed over to God's male representatives on earth by way of "thought terminating clichés such as "Jesus Loves You, and "Have a blessed day," and if "Jesus said it, I believe it, and that settles it." The usurpation of individualism into a mindless quasi-cultish gauzy mentality becomes the new psychological norm.
Avoiding moral pollution, the first cousin to genetic and racial pollution, becomes the new goal of religious morality. Christians are taught how to privatize their morality. It gives them moral permission to use any tactics necessary to attack the feared "other," meaning of course, the "unsaved." The language of normal everyday discourse is raped, mutilated and then turned completely on its head through Orwellian like logocide, double-talk and the herd instinct of double-think. The ultimate religious appeal is overcoming the mother of all fears, the fear of death through magic, miracles and religious sleights of hand and mind: that is by turning endless despair into ideological certainty, the same as the Communism and Hitler's Nazi party did. But it is also done through visions of peace in the afterlife, through angels, miracles and always through Christianity's most important blood sport: reaping revenge and heaping violence and meanness against the apostate. The despair that religion exploits requires several interconnected psychological elements: rationalizations (or excuses for personal failures), redemption and scapegoats. The easy promise of turning earthly defeats into heavenly victories is the underlying appeal of the dishonest as well as the honest versions of Christian theology. As the author notes in one quote "Religion is a good thing for good people and a bad thing for bad people."
In summary, right-wing Christianity has become a nationwide cult of mega-churches run by oily-haired Christian charlatans: A totalitarian ideology that colonizes the weak and then strips them of their individuality in exchange for the closeness of a pseudo-religious community. In the process, it takes away both their individuality and their stories and substitutes in their places the mythology of miracles and the magic and certainty of religion doctrine. They are assigned supporting roles in a new story that empowers others in the name of divine authority, but at their own expense. That we have a society where such a scam is not only seen as a beneficial trade-off but a desirable life goal, is the saddest commentary on the state of the mental health of our culture and our society.
Here are my one sentence chapter-by-chapter summaries of the book:
Chapter I: Faith: Jesus said it, I believe it, and that settles it.
Chapter II: The Culture of Despair: Despair in America is a cottage industry, the disease that requires various "fixes," religion being only one of many of the more dangerous drugs of choice.
Chapter III: Conversion: Tricks of the dishonest religious trade: Excuse me Sir, can you tell me how to get to heaven? Or give me 50 reasons why God should let you in heaven? Now, please follow me to the Baptism chambers.
Chapter IV: The Cult of Masculinity: The hyper-masculinity of God's warriors is the perfect cover for male sexual fears: Women submit, that's God message to you. Gays? You can be cured through God's grace.
Chapter V: Persecution: September 11 was Gods' revenge for Roe v Wade, sanctioning Gay marriages, liberals, evolution, and taking God out of the schools.
Chapter VI: The War on Truth: Creationism as a false consciousness is much better than no consciousness at all, and certainly better than any consciousness based on the reality of evolutionism.
Chapter VII: The new Class: Some Christians are more equal, more pure, and more entitled than others.
Chapter III: The Crusade: The Christian flag superimposed on the stars and stripes: Enemies beware, hsss.
Chapter IX: God: The Commercial: Give me liberty or give me a dollar, Patrick J. Crow.
Chapter X: Apocalyptic Violence: The American fire, this time.
Fifty Stars.
Summary of American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War On AmericaTwenty-five years ago, when Pat Robertson and other radio and televangelists first spoke of the United States becoming a Christian nation that would build a global Christian empire, it was hard to take such hyperbolic rhetoric seriously. Today, such language no longer sounds like hyperbole but poses, instead, a very real threat to our freedom and our way of life. In American Fascists, Chris Hedges, veteran journalist and author of the National Book Award finalist War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning, challenges the Christian Right's religious legitimacy and argues that at its core it is a mass movement fueled by unbridled nationalism and a hatred for the open society. Hedges, who grew up in rural parishes in upstate New York where his father was a Presbyterian pastor, attacks the movement as someone steeped in the Bible and Christian tradition. He points to the hundreds of senators and members of Congress who have earned between 80 and 100 percent approval ratings from the three most influential Christian Right advocacy groups as one of many signs that the movement is burrowing deep inside the American government to subvert it. The movement's call to dismantle the wall between church and state and the intolerance it preaches against all who do not conform to its warped vision of a Christian America are pumped into tens of millions of American homes through Christian television and radio stations, as well as reinforced through the curriculum in Christian schools. The movement's yearning for apocalyptic violence and its assault on dispassionate, intellectual inquiry are laying the foundation for a new, frightening America. American Fascists, which includes interviews and coverage of events such as pro-life rallies and weeklong classes on conversion techniques, examines the movement's origins, its driving motivations and its dark ideological underpinnings. Hedges argues that the movement currently resembles the young fascist movements in Italy and Germany in the 1920s and '30s, movements that often masked the full extent of their drive for totalitarianism and were willing to make concessions until they achieved unrivaled power. The Christian Right, like these early fascist movements, does not openly call for dictatorship, nor does it use physical violence to suppress opposition. In short, the movement is not yet revolutionary. But the ideological architecture of a Christian fascism is being cemented in place. The movement has roused its followers to a fever pitch of despair and fury. All it will take, Hedges writes, is one more national crisis on the order of September 11 for the Christian Right to make a concerted drive to destroy American democracy. The movement awaits a crisis. At that moment they will reveal themselves for what they truly are -- the American heirs to fascism. Hedges issues a potent, impassioned warning. We face an imminent threat. His book reminds us of the dangers liberal, democratic societies face when they tolerate the intolerant.
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