A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East--from the Cold War to the War on Terror

A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East--from the Cold War to the War on Terror
by Patrick Tyler

A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East--from the Cold War to the War on Terror
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Book Summary Information

Author: Patrick Tyler
Edition: Hardcover
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 2008-12-23
ISBN: 0374292892
Number of pages: 640
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Book Reviews of A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East--from the Cold War to the War on Terror

Book Review: Baltimore Sun
Summary: 5 Stars

baltimoresun.com
'A World of Trouble' examines U.S. diplomatic history in Middle East
Tyler's 'A World of Trouble' is a history of America's attempts to attain peace in the region

By Tim Rutten

The Los Angeles Times

February 8, 2009
:

A World of Trouble
By Patrick Tyler

Farrar, Straus and Giroux / 640 pages / $30

Patrick Tyler is a veteran foreign and Washington correspondent who more recently has applied his formidable reporting skills and narrative gifts to diplomatic history. His latest effort, A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East - From the Cold War to the War on Terror, couldn't be more timely.

President Barack Obama has already appointed former Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell, who was instrumental in bringing peace to Northern Ireland, as his special Middle East representative and given a White House interview to an Arab-language television network. Clearly, the new chief executive plans to add the Middle East to his daunting, ambitious agenda, particularly the fulcrum question of how to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian impasse.

Tyler's strikingly readable new history argues that Obama inherits a decidedly mixed, though mainly unhappy, diplomatic legacy. The author's impressive research combines a careful combing of archival sources and memoirs in multiple languages, as well as wide-ranging original research. In Tyler's view, it adds up to a history of miscalculation, inattention, stuttering and almost inadvertent progress undone by contradictory aims, exhaustion and distraction. His choice of opening anecdote - and this is a writer with a novelist's eye - leaves no doubt that Tyler intends this book to be urgently instructive.

His prologue begins: "Night had long since fallen over central Saudi Arabia in early 2004 when George Tenet came trudging out of his bedroom in Prince Bandar bin Sultan's palace and asked for scotch whiskey." Tenet, then CIA director, had just gotten off one of his secure phones after learning from aides that the White House essentially planned to blame him and the agency for the faulty prewar intelligence on Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction. Unable to sleep, though he'd taken a pill, Tenet emerged from his room clad only in boxer shorts and T-shirt, surprising Bandar and an aide, who were watching television.

After downing most of a bottle of Scotch, Tyler writes, and raging against "the Jews" (read, neoconservatives) in the Bush administration, Tenet decided to go for a swim in his underwear while continuing to ramble angrily, smoke a cigar and drink more liquor. Bandar and his aide, worried the CIA director would drown under the influence of medication and alcohol, hovered nearby at a poolside bar.

It's a compelling and - for the reader, at least - sobering story, replete with direct quotations. Characteristically, Tyler balances the portrait of an indiscreet and vulgarly self-pitying CIA chief with a fascinating account of Tenet's extremely successful efforts to ramp up the agency's Mideast presence in the wake of Sept. 11.

Tyler, by the way, is scrupulous about his sourcing and this anecdote comes with a footnote reporting, "The scene at Prince Bandar's Palace is taken from the accounts of three people who witnessed it, including the CIA Near East division chief ... who was not drinking." The extended note goes on to say that both Tenet and the CIA general counsel, who also was present, deny the director made the remarks attributed to him.

Highlighting anecdotes like this simply suggests A World of Trouble'sreadability is not meant to distract from the serious, thorough nature of the synoptic history Tyler has compiled. It's an account studded with interesting appraisals.

For example: "The Suez crisis was [President Dwight] Eisenhower's finest hour as president in the sense that every public step he took anchored America firmly within the principles of the United Nations Charter. He maneuvered cautiously and shrewdly, at times brutally."

President Lyndon B. Johnson's role in the run-up to the 1967 Israeli-Arab war is recounted in careful detail and emerges as worse than a hash. Tyler faults him not simply for misunderstanding the situation on the ground but for what the author assesses as a failure to force the Israelis to withdraw from the territories they captured.

Similarly, Tyler is hard on President Richard M. Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger for failing to take up a heretofore undisclosed proposal by Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev to force a territorial compromise between Israel and its neighbors.

Tyler is inclined to attribute rather too much blame for America's Middle East failures to what he regards as Israeli recalcitrance and excessive Washington influence by pro-Israel Americans. Putting aside the merits of any particular situation, it's simply a fact that we know more about Israel and its internal political struggles because it is an open society, where news and memoirs are published freely and current and former officials make themselves available for interviews. We have no similar access to the inner workings of Israel's antagonists. Moreover, it's easy to forget that - until relatively recently - the influence of Israel's friends in Washington was more than matched by the power of the State Department Arabists and the petroleum lobby.

Tyler also assigns a bit too much consequence to American policy in the region. The underlying assumption seems to be that if a preternaturally wise president formulated a perfect American policy that was flawlessly executed by supremely competent U.S. diplomats, the results would be deterministic. Maybe, but maybe not. It's a view that essentially denies agency to the people of the region, whether Israeli or Arab. Ultimately, the choice between peace and strife is in their hands and not those of even the best American president. As Mitchell recently pointed out, there's every reason for hope in the Middle East because people create problems and, therefore, people can solve them, if they want to

Summary of A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East--from the Cold War to the War on Terror

The White House and the Middle East?from the Cold War to the War on Terror

The Middle East is the beginning and the end of U.S. foreign policy: events there influence our alliances, make or break presidencies, govern the price of oil, and draw us into war. But it was not always so?and as Patrick Tyler shows in this thrilling chronicle of American misadventures in the region, the story of American presidents? dealings there is one of mixed motives, skulduggery, deceit, and outright foolishness, as well as of policymaking and diplomacy.

Tyler draws on newly opened presidential archives to dramatize the approach to the Middle East across U.S. presidencies from Eisenhower to George W. Bush. He takes us into the Oval Office and shows how our leaders made momentous decisions; at the same time, the sweep of this narrative?from the Suez crisis to the Iran hostage crisis to George W. Bush?s catastrophe in Iraq?lets us see the big picture as never before. Tyler tells a story of presidents being drawn into the affairs of the region against their will, being kept in the dark by local potentates, being led astray by grasping subordinates, and making decisions about the internal affairs of countries they hardly understand. Above all, he shows how each president has managed to undo the policies of his predecessor, often fomenting both anger against America on the streets of the region and confusion at home.

A World of Trouble is the Middle East book we need now: compulsively readable, free of cant and ideology, and rich in insight about the very human challenges a new president will face as he or she tries to restore America?s standing in the region.

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