1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance

1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance
by Gavin Menzies

1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance
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Book Summary Information

Author: Gavin Menzies
Edition: Hardcover
Published: 2008-06-01
ISBN: 0061492175
Number of pages: 384
Publisher: William Morrow

Book Reviews of 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance

Book Review: Interesting, But . . .
Summary: 4 Stars

No one can doubt Gavin Menzies' enthusiasm. For years now, first with 1421 and now with 1434 (with hints of a third volume to come) he has striven to demonstrate that much of what is taken for granted to be of Western European origin is actually from China. Its a solid point with undeniable evidence behind it, much of which Menzies presents in really intriguing detal, but unfortunately he chooses to present it in an unwarrantedly sensational manner. In 1421 he claimed that giant Chinese fleets had circled the world. Now in 1434 he argues that the European Renaissance was triggered by a visit by a Chinese navy to Italy, bearing maps, machines, weapons, and many other gifts. Mr. Menzies presents evidence for Chinese contact with Europe, but unfortunately by limiting the contact to one year he obscures what should be better known: that there was substantial European contact with China, India, and the Middle East for centuries, and that many European "inventions" like the printing press are derived from earlier Asian developments.

Mr. Menzies' enthusiasm is unquenchable, but again and again he can't produce evidence to back up his theories. For example, he spends a lot of time discussing maps which existed before 1492 but which depict the Americas, the Pacific Ocean, and other areas then unknown to Europeans. Unfortunately, he can't produce the originals of these maps, just copies from the 1500s or later, after the Americas had been discovered, thus allowing for editing and additions by the copyists. This is not to say Mr. Menzies doesn't have a point here. There are numerous intriguing maps like the Piri Reis which seem to show more knowledge of the world than Europeans are thought to have possessed at the time they were drawn, and historians find them difficult to explain away at times. Its unfortunate that Mr. Menzies focussed so narrowly on one year and one supposed Chinese visit to Italy as the source for so much of this knowledge. Speaking of the Chinese visit in 1434, Mr. Menzies cites as evidence numerous vague references by Europeans to travelers from the East who brought knowledge and gifts over many centuries. Again, his argument would have been so much stronger had he not tried to link the entire Renaissance to that one voyage in 1434. And speaking of that voyage, isn't it odd that no one in Italy, the most literate area in Europe at the time, left descriptions of what must have been the impressive sight of many enormous Chinese junks anchoring in Venice and dozens of Chinese officials parading through the streets of Florence? Sometimes Mr. Menzies actually does offer evidence, supposedly to support his thesis, that actually refutes it. A good example deals with Chinese and Mongolian DNA appearing in European populations along the Adriatic Sea. Mr. Menzies attributes all of that to that one 1434 voyage even though he also mentions in the same chapter that there were many slaves of East Asian origin living around the Mediterranea at the time.

I like Gavin Menzies. His enthusiasm is infectious, and I deeply respect his years of service as a naval and submarine officer in the British navy. Although I feel he jumps to some unwarranted and fanciful conclusions, he has done a good service to history by helping to make the public at large better aware of the many contributions China and the rest of Asia have made to world civilization. Those interested in learning more about China's gifts to the world will enjoy Simon Winchester's new book The Man Who Loved China.

Summary of 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance

The New York Times bestselling author of 1421 offers another stunning reappraisal of history, presenting compelling new evidence that traces the roots of the European Renaissance to Chinese exploration in the fifteenth century

The brilliance of the Renaissance laid the foundation of the modern world. Textbooks tell us that it came about as a result of a rediscovery of the ideas and ideals of classical Greece and Rome. But now bestselling historian Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that in the year 1434, China—then the world's most technologically advanced civilization—provided the spark that set the European Renaissance ablaze. From that date onward, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, all of which form the basis of western civilization today.

Florence and Venice of the early fifteenth century were hubs of world trade, attracting traders from across the globe. Based on years of research, this marvelous history argues that a Chinese fleet—official ambassadors of the emperor—arrived in Tuscany in 1434, where they were received by Pope Eugenius IV in Florence. The delegation presented the influential pope with a wealth of Chinese learning from a diverse range of fields: art, geography (including world maps that were passed on to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan), astronomy, mathematics, printing, architecture, steel manufacturing, military weaponry, and more. This vast treasure trove of knowledge spread across Europe, igniting the legendary inventiveness of the Renaissance, including the work of such geniuses as da Vinci, Copernicus, Galileo, and more.

In 1434, Gavin Menzies combines this long-overdue historical reexamination with the excitement of an investigative adventure. He brings the reader aboard the remarkable Chinese fleet as it sails from China to Cairo and Florence, and then back across the world. Erudite and brilliantly reasoned, 1434 will change the way we see ourselves, our history, and our world.

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